Engel Kollat - the blackwell model and The Howard Sheth Model.

The Blackwell model “used concepts of behavioural science in an attempt to model, in a way both detailed and capable of general applications, the process which the consumers must go through in decision.” (Tuck 1976) This model is designed to show the development in the amount of knowledge in customer’s behaviour. In the model there are five stages, this involves problem recognition, alternate evaluation, search for alternatives and purchase and outcomes. It is not essential for the customers to go through all those stages.

The customers would get data from marketing and non marketing research; this would influence the problem recognition. This is the first stage of the decision making process for the customer. If the customers have still not come to a final decision, the consumer would go to the next stage of the Blackwell model.

Engel Kollat-The Blackwell Model

The Howard - Sheth Model

Howard and Sheth’s model on consumer behavior was introduced in 1969. This model makes it simple for customers to make a decision. There are three stages in this model. The first stage is the extensive problem solving stage, the second stage is the limited problem solving and the third stage is the habitual response behavior. At the first stage of the Howard's and Sheth’s model the customers do not have much information about the brand, at this stage customers will carry out research to find out about the brand. At the second stage customers have some information at the product or brand. At the final stage of the model, the consumer will have enough information on the product or brand to make a fair decision on buying the product or not.

Nostalgia, learning and memory!!!!!!!

Learning refers to a relatively permanent change in behaviour which comes from experience. (Solomon 2010) Learning relates to a permanent change in ones behaviour and this often comes from experience. Below is a diagram which shows which stages an individual goes through to learn and gain knowledge.

An individual starts learning from the day there were born. A baby starts learning by picking up on things by observing what others are doing or looking at what is going on. For example, boys and girls will be know what products are for them due to the colour of the product. Therefore, learning is a process which is vital within the marketing. People know about new products through TV adverts, magazines, billboards and other posters which are put up. This is consumers observing.

Nostalgia "A wistful desire to return in thought or in fact to a former time in one's life, to one's home or homeland, or to one's family and friends; a sentimental yearning for the happiness of a former place or time": a nostalgia for his college days. (dictionary.com)
"Nostalgia is a bittersweet emotion when the past is viewed with sadness and longing; many classic products appeal to consumers memories of their younger days." (Solomon 2010) A thoughtful desire to departure in consideration or sending information to a former time in ones life.

Above is a revels advert, This is an advert where nostalgia was used to attract customers attention. People in the advert remember thing from the past whilst eating the revels. Nostalgia is linked to the five senses;

1. Music
2. Pictures
3. Smell
4. Touch
5. Taste

Below is an advert which uses the nostalgic trigger....

Memory "Memory involves a process acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed." (Solomon 2010)  

<<<<< Memory process!!!>>>>>>

An individuals memory is very important for marketers, the information stored in a persons memory is important for the seller as this would help the buyer make a decision on whether they should buy a product. If a person remembers the products and the marketers use a nostalgia trigger to advertise their product, they will remember the product from their good times.

Gender differences in buyer behaviour

In the lecture about gender differences towards buyer behaviour many activities were taken place to develop a clear understanding of the concept. TV adverts were also shown to build an understanding of the way a women is attracted to an product and the way a man is attracted to a product. For example, the use of the colour pink will be more appealing to the women consumers whereas the colour blue will be more appealing to the male consumers.

The way women and men shop is completely different. Women normally go around the whole shopping mall before they buy a product. This maybe because they can't find what they are exactly looking for or they are looking for a bargain. On the other hand, men just go into one shop buy the product and are no where to be seen. Men don't spend time looking around if they have found what they want or know what they want. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLjEPZHsyzU
The link above shows what a women would like when she goes out shopping and how women look around a lot and try clothes on before they buy them.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfq1n3LCPXQ This link shows that men just walk into the shop buy the product and walk back out.

"Many products from fragrances to footwear are targeted at men or women. Differentiating by sex starts at a very young age." (Solomon 2010)

A video which was shown in the lecture about the men and women brain is below.... In this video the man clearly explains how a women and mans brain works.







How to impress a women and how to impress a man?
To impress a women a man would need to compliment her, respect her, honour her, cuddle her, kiss her, love her, tease her, comfort her, protect her, spend money on her, wine and dine her, buy things for her, listen to her, care for her, stand by her, and support her. To impress a man you need to turn up naked or bring food.